How does a cam mechanism change rotational motion into linear motion?

A cam mechanism changes rotational motion into linear motion primarily through its design, which consists of a rotating cam profile and a follower. As the cam rotates, its unique shape pushes the follower in a linear direction. The profile of the cam is specifically designed to achieve a desired linear movement as it rotates. For example, as the high points (or lobes) of the cam pass by the follower, they push the follower upward, while the low points let it return to its original position. This transformation effectively turns the circular path of the cam into a straight or linear movement of the follower, allowing for precise control over the timing and distance of that movement.

This mechanism is widely used in various applications, such as in engines to open and close valves in sync with the rotation of the crankshaft, demonstrating how the interaction of rotational and linear components aids in functional machinery.