How is mechanical advantage calculated?

Mechanical advantage is a measure of how much a machine amplifies an input force to produce a greater output force. It is calculated by dividing the output force by the input force. This ratio indicates how effectively a machine converts force—showing how much easier a task can be accomplished when using the machine compared to doing it manually without the aid.

For instance, if a lever allows you to lift a heavier object than you can lift by hand, the output force is the weight of the object you're lifting, while the input force is the effort you're putting into using the lever. The higher the mechanical advantage, the less input force is required to achieve the same output force. This aspect is fundamental in understanding how various machines and tools enhance human capability by reducing the necessary force to perform tasks.

The other options may pertain to different concepts or calculations that do not define mechanical advantage in the context of force.