What is the mechanical advantage (MA) formula for a wheel and axle system?

The mechanical advantage (MA) formula for a wheel and axle system is based on the principle that the efficiency of the system can be determined by the ratio of the diameters of the wheel and axle. Specifically, the mechanical advantage is calculated as the diameter of the wheel divided by the diameter of the axle.

In a wheel and axle system, the wheel is the larger part that turns, and the axle is the smaller part that is usually connected to a load. By using a larger diameter wheel, less force is required to turn the axle, thereby providing the advantage in mechanical systems. The larger wheel covers a greater distance with a smaller rotation of the axle, which translates to increased efficiency in moving or lifting loads. This is why the correct formula is the ratio of the two diameters, highlighting the fundamental mechanics at play in this type of system.

Understanding this relationship is crucial for solving problems related to mechanical systems involving wheels and axles, as it allows one to predict the effectiveness of these tools in various practical applications.