What principle does buoyancy demonstrate?

Buoyancy is fundamentally described by Archimedes' principle, which states that an object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by that object. This principle highlights that buoyancy is not directly about the weight of the object itself, but rather about how much fluid it displaces. When an object is placed in a fluid, it pushes aside a volume of fluid equal to its own submerged volume. The weight of that displaced fluid then creates a buoyant force that acts against the object’s weight. If the buoyant force is greater than the weight of the object, the object will float; if less, it will sink.

While other options might seem related to buoyancy considerations, they do not capture the essence of what determines buoyant force as effectively as this option. The weight of an object and density do play a role in whether the object floats or sinks, but the core principle is centered around the relationship between the displaced fluid's weight and the object itself. Water temperature can have an effect on fluid density, but it is not a fundamental principle of buoyancy itself.